South Africa’s mining sector has long been a cornerstone of the national economy, contributing meaningfully to gross domestic product, exports, employment, and industrial development. According to the Minerals Council South Africa, mining contributes approximately 6–7% to South Africa’s gross domestic product, accounts for more than 50% of merchandise export earnings and supports over 450,000 direct jobs, with a significantly larger indirect employment footprint across the value chain.
As global demand accelerates for critical minerals including platinum group metals, manganese, chromium, gold and iron ore, the country’s role as a leading mining jurisdiction on the African continent is once again in sharp focus. South Africa remains the world’s largest producer of platinum group metals and one of the world’s leading producers of manganese and chromite, according to the US Geological Survey Mineral Commodity Summaries.
Yet the next phase of mining-led growth will not be defined by extraction volumes alone.
Increasingly, mining’s real growth engine lies beyond the pit, in the network of value chain operators and small-scale mining that support, service and extend mining activity and in the provincial economies where mining operations are embedded.
Despite their importance, these operators often remain invisible within mainstream mining narratives. They operate at the intersection of opportunity and constraint, facing challenges such as access to appropriately structured finance, working capital pressures, exposure to commodity price volatility, infrastructure bottlenecks, energy constraints and rising compliance requirements.
This reality is not unique to South Africa. The World Bank estimates that artisanal and small-scale mining employs more than 45 million people globally, underscoring the scale of livelihoods linked to mining-related small enterprise activity across Africa and other emerging markets. In South Africa, the opportunity lies in formalising, financing and small-scale mining and value chain operators, not as a social intervention, but as a core competitiveness strategy for the mining sector.
According to Deerosh Maharaj, Head of Energy, Infrastructure and Mining at Business and Commercial Banking within Standard Bank South Africa, the sustainability of mining growth depends on the strength of the ecosystems that support it.
“Mining remains capital-intensive and cyclical by nature, but its real resilience comes from the breadth and depth of the value chains that support it. When operators across energy, logistics, engineering and services are financially resilient, mining operations become more efficient, more competitive and more sustainable over the long term.”
South Africa’s critical minerals endowment also sits within a broader African context. The African Development Bank estimates that Africa holds approximately 37% of global manganese reserves, with the largest deposits found in South Africa, alongside significant shares of other minerals essential to industrialisation and the global energy transition.
However, the ability to convert this mineral wealth into sustained economic value depends on the strength of domestic and regional value-chain ecosystems. From contract mining, plant hire and equipment refurbishment to logistics, processing support, engineering services, compliance, rehabilitation and professional advisory services, small-scale mining and contractors form the operational backbone of mining activity.
Without resilient value-chain operators, production efficiency weakens, localisation falters and economic value becomes increasingly concentrated, limiting the sector’s broader developmental impact. In this context, critical minerals are only critical if mining value chains are resilient and inclusive.
For Abe Andries, the Head of Mining at Business and Commercial Banking within Standard Bank South Africa, the competitiveness of the mining sector increasingly depends on the health of these operators and on sustained industry engagement.
Small-scale mining and other value chain operators are often described as peripheral, yet they are fundamental to how mines operate day to day. Platforms such as Mining Indaba allow us to engage the sector beyond larger producers and keep the focus on the operators that underpin cost efficiency, operational continuity, and compliance across mining value chains.”
While mining contributes to national indicators such as exports and fiscal revenue, its most tangible economic impact is felt at provincial and regional level. In South Africa, mining activity is concentrated in provinces such as North West, Limpopo, Northern Cape, and Gauteng, where local economies rely heavily on mining-linked value chains for employment, procurement, and services.
This provincial dynamic reflects broader African realities. Across the continent, the African Development Bank has highlighted the importance of moving away from enclave-style extraction towards locally anchored mining supply chains that stimulate regional economies and industrial development.
Many of the challenges facing South Africa’s mining sector also point to where new value-chain-led growth opportunities can be unlocked. Energy supply constraints are accelerating demand for embedded generation, maintenance, and reliability services. Logistics bottlenecks create opportunities for transport, stockpile management, and materials-handling operators. Increasing regulatory and environmental requirements are driving demand for specialist safety, rehabilitation, and compliance services.
At a continental level, both the African Development Bank and United Nations Economic Commission for Africa consistently identify beneficiation, value addition and regional supply-chain development as the most effective pathways for converting Africa’s mineral wealth into inclusive economic growth.
As South Africa strengthens its position within the global mining landscape, the focus must extend beyond extraction to the ecosystems that make mining viable, sustainable and inclusive. A resilient mining sector depends on resilient small-scale mining and value chain operators that are well financed, formally integrated and supported with deep sector insight.
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